LATEX ALLERGY

What is a latex allergy?

Latex allergy is a medical term that describes a range of allergic reactions to natural rubber latex. With a latex allergy, the body's immune system identifies latex as a harmful substance which triggers certain cells to produce antibodies to fight the latex component (the allergen). The next time you come in contact with latex, either through direct contact or inhalation, the antibodies sense it and signal your immune system to release histamine and other chemicals into your bloodstream, resulting in the allergic reaction.

What products may contain latex?

There are thousands of products that contain latex. Some of the more common items include dishwashing/rubber gloves, balloons, rubber toys, baby bottle nipples, rubber bands, condoms, swim goggles, racket handles, disposable diapers, and sanitary pads.

What are the different types of latex allergies?

Irritant Contact Dermatitis - This is the most common latex reaction. Certain other chemicals used to make latex gloves can cause a delayed onset rash which only forms where the material touches the skin. Red, itchy bumps or blisters usually appear within 12 to 48 hours. These symptoms are irritating, but not life-threatening.

Airway Irritant - Latex can become airborne and cause respiratory symptoms. For example, latex proteins can attach to the cornstarch powder used in latex gloves. As powdered latex gloves are used, the starch particles and latex allergens become airborne, where they can be inhaled or come into contact with your nose or eyes and cause symptoms. High concentrations of this allergenic powder have been measured in intensive care units and operating rooms. Using non-powdered latex gloves, or synthetic (vinyl, nitrile) gloves reduces the risk of these reactions. The capacity of latex products-especially gloves-to cause allergic reactions varies enormously by brand and by production lot.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis - The patient develops a skin rash similar to poison ivy with oozing and blistering of the skin. Natural and synthetic rubber products may cause delayed type reactions. Patch testing should be done to determine which chemical trigger is causing the reaction.

Anaphylaxis - People with this allergy have symptoms such as urticaria or hives, itching or flushing, swelling, sneezing, runny nose, cough, wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness, nausea, dizziness or lightheadedness. Any combination of these symptoms can be a sign of a life-threatening reaction that needs immediate medical attention.

How can I determine if I have latex allergies?

An allergist/immunologist, often referred to as an allergist, has the knowledge and experience to diagnose the problem and develop a treatment plan.

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